Monday, June 29, 2009

Organic dairy farming: a viable option?


Is it worth considering the organic option if you are a diary farmer? And if so, how does the day to day practice of farming differ from conventional farming?

First, the organic option for diary. The the formation of a new company for the organic dairy sector, called the Irish Organic Milk Producers (IOMP), will certainly help. From launching a new product range, to pooling resources and lobbying, the benefits of the company will be numerous.

IOMP has a current pool of 4 million litres of quota, rising to 6 million soon.

The freeing up of quota has increased the opportunities for the sector.

An issue however remains the stocking rates and housing differences between conventional and organic dairying: conventional farmers who have invested in high stocking numbers and specialised housing have already made serious commitments.

That said, according to Teagasc figures, the organic dairy sector is profitable. Whilst output is 8% higher on conventional diary farms, family farm income is 7% higher on organic dairy farms due to total costs being 16% lower.

These figures are explained by the fact that, while gross output, gross margins and overhead costs are all similar, direct costs are 708E per hectare on organic dairy farms, whilst the conventional equivalent is 923E per hectare.

Direct payments are also 12% higher on organic farms, which are also on average 1/3 larger. This compensates for the lower stocking rate organic farms must carry.

According to Teagasc statistics on winter milk, organic diary farms scored almost as well as the top 10% in the conventional diary sector.

Teagasc's James McDonnell: �There is an opportunity for conventional spring milk producers to switch to organic production and gain 10,000 gallons of quota to grow their business. �

He also points out that there is profitability potential due to the fact that conventional �milk prices are falling on the world market at present�.

John Liston farms 80 hectares near Croom in Limerick. He stocks both dairy cows and beef animals, and has a hectare of forestry. He converted to organic in December 06, and has sold milk to Glenisk since then.

John's 60 cows calve in July August. He carries the calves to yearling, with the males sold as year olds and the heifers sold to be put into calf. Some are also fattened for Jennings meats in Mayo. He has a 60,000 gallon quota.

Feed price and availability is an issue. At present, a local organic farmer, Harry O Grady, supplies oats. The establishment of the new IOMP is a great help, according to John, as organic dairy farmers can now pool resources, source inputs and increase efficiency.

He gives an example: �you can divide an artic load of feed between 2 or 3 farmers, so there's no half loads�.

�For me, converting was easy because I'd a small quota relative to the farm size� he tells me.

One of the biggest changes between organic and conventional is �that you don't have early grass. That's where you need extra silage. You have as much late on, but its tight in March April.� To this end, he planted red clover, �for quality of silage and yield� he tells me. With clover, John gets �three crops off one meadow, about 20 round bales per acre�.

Medically, John sometimes uses homeopathy for dosing calves. He also finds that putting calves under cows he has problems with can help.

In yield terms, the weather is always an issue. Simply put, the longer the animal stays on grass, the cheaper it is for John.

Compared to other sectors, diary can involve significant changes when converting to organic. All told however, it is certainly worth considering.

Saturday, June 27, 2009

Global Seed Vault part 2: the critics

See here for part one: here
Not everyone is completely enamored with 'the Vault'. Dermot McKinney, project manager of the Irish Seed Savers: � its a very nice idea, but the only way to save the planet from disaster is to have seeds in people's hands, not in a vault north of Norway.�

Others working in third world development have also expressed similar concerns about about the emphasis on ex situ rather than in situ seed storage.

According to the Non Governmental Organisation Grain, there are, as they put it, faults with the Vault: [this is] �just the latest move in a wider strategy to make ex situ (off site) storage in seed banks the dominant � indeed, only � approach to crop diversity conservation. It gives a false sense of security in a world where the crop diversity present in the farmers' fields continues to be eroded and destroyed at an ever-increasing rate and contributes to the access problems that plague the international ex situ system.�

One practical concern expressed is the static nature of the vault. According to Dermot McKinney �storing seeds far into the future may be impractical. The seeds would be imprinted with the traits of now. They may not be viable�

So 'the Vault' is like a moment in time, a library where all the books are dated no later than 2009:

�Things change but these seeds won't. The climate will have changed. We use a 10 year rotation here at the Irish Seed Savers to deal with this in the real world�.

From a developing world perspective, the Vault can actually be seen as a moment of final theft:
�The system operates under the assumption that once the farmers' seeds enter a storage facility, they belong to someone else and negotiating intellectual property and other rights over them is the business of governments and the seed industry itself�, Grain claim.
As depositors are not allowed to put in seeds that are already stored in the Vault, first group in essentially claims ownership. So while the origin and subsequent generations of development of many food plant seeds occurred what is now modern day Iraq and Syria, farmers from these regions still growing food plants are disenfranchised from access to the Vault.

In a doomsday type situation, which is the function of the Vault, a minority of rich western nations and private corporations would thus own the world's seeds.

"This system forgets that farmers are the world's original, and ongoing, plant breeders,�� said Shalini Bhutani, GRAIN�s Asia Programme Officer, who is based in New Delhi.

Norway was chosen for its stability, and without doubt it is one of the world's most stable and indeed egalitarian nations. It also shows a strong commitment to environmental sustainability, and is supposed to be unlikely to suffer from natural disasters.

Eerily enough, Svalbard was at the centre of the biggest earthquake in Norway's history, measuring 6.5 on the Reciter scale in February 2008.

For their part, having invested so much of their own resources in the Vault, the Norwegian government are slightly bemused by the criticisms:

According to Jan Borring of the Department for International Cooperation in the Norwegian Ministry of Environment, a key issue is the fact that �storage space is not unlimited� and �most of this material will be generally available anyway� because of international trading rules and arrangements.

Crucially, the Seed Vault �is a duplicate facility, an extra layer of security, not a working seed bank as such, and even less a community seed bank that distributes seed directly to farmers or others� according to Borring.

Forward again to 2060. Would a raggle taggle band of scavengers get access to the seeds if they really needed them? How will power and politics play out in such a doomsday scenario? History and present realities can teach us, if we choose to listen to the lessons.

Thursday, June 25, 2009

Global Seed Vault: part one (or, a tale of 77 euros and a doomsday scenario)

The year is 2060. The world as it was known no longer exists. Science and technology battle a surprisingly personalised Mother Nature. She is angry - very angry. The reason?

Global warming has really kicked in. There has been a sequence of catastrophes, one worse than the next. Storms stormed, wildfires raged, sea levels rose with polar melting. The great Siberian peat bog thaw of 2040 seems to have been a final feedback loop too far.

After that, the coastal cities were submerged and all was changed, changed utterly. Food shortages then famines, riots then wars, a Hobbesian war of all against all.

Humanity is now, in this year 2060, on the brink of the brink - just as Newton predicted in 1704. The weather is wild, the population ragged. Somehow, a crew is cobbled together on a voyage to the top of the world. Just south of the North Pole seems cruelly far to go for mere seeds, given the state of the planet, but that's where the Svalbard Global Seed Vault is.

Rewind to 2009, and even with modern communication and transport technology, an island 1000 km north of Norway in permafrost seems remote. The Global Seed Vault (GSV) is in Svalbard�s permafrost, just outside the town of Longyearbyen.

Owned by the Norwegian government, the GSV cost them nearly 6 million Euro (50 million NOK) to build.

The seeds will be stored over 100 metres into a the solid stone of an Arctic mountain, at a temperature of minus 18 degrees Celsius.

The GSV itself is made up of three mountain halls. Each hall is around 1500 cubic metres in size That's 25 metres deep, 10 metres wide and 6 metres high.

This allows for storage space for 4.5 million seed samples, or 2 billion seeds. There are additional refrigeration units inside the mountain.

The initial shipments, packed in aluminium bags, placed in sealed boxes and shipped to Svalbard, totaled 268,000 distinct samples of seeds, weighing more than 10 tonnes.

These seeds may be retrieved from their frozen hibernation inside the mountains of Svalbard and be sent back to their original locations if needed. They remain the property of the donors, and are all duplicates of seeds saved and stored at locations around the world.

Even with a long term absence of electricity, duplicates of the world's agriculture crop collections will be safeguarded against possible future disasters such as wars and dangerous climate change.
According to the Global Crop Diversity Trust: �even in the worst-case scenarios of global warming, the vault rooms will remain naturally frozen for up to 200 years�.

While the construction of the seed vault and its ongoing maintenance is funded by the Norwegian government, the operation and management of the Seed Vault, as well as the transport of the seeds from developing countries is funded by the Global Crop Diversity Trust.

The Global Crop Diversity Trust has raised 260 million US Dollars to conserve seeds. Current donors include governments, foundations, corporations and individuals. As of June 2009, these include companies such as DuPont and Syngenta, organisations such as the World Bank and seventeen governments. Largest Donors have been the UK, the US, Norway, Australia, Sweden, Brazil, Switzerland, Germany and Canada, with the Bill and Melina Gates Foundation being the other standout donor.

Almost two thirds of a million seeds from the reference collections of Teagasc and the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF) were deposited in February. 677 unique accessions containing a total of 662,190 seeds were deposited.

According to DAFF �a selection of crop species uniquely associated with Ireland�s formal plant breeding programme, agricultural history and culture� was made.

The selections included named varieties produced by the State�s breeding stations over the past century and which were commercially successful, unnamed breeding lines from crop breeding programmes and material collected over the past 30 years by Irish crop breeders from the wild in Ireland.
The material selected �represents genetically diverse crop germplasm that may have a future agronomic value and play an important part in helping Irish agriculture adapt to future challenges such as climate change�, DAFF claimed when asked about the seeds chosen.

The seed selected came from two different seedbanks and consisted of three main crop types - forage grasses, potatoes and cereals. The first was the seedbank at the Teagasc Crops Research Centre, Oakpark, Co. Carlow, where the State�s forage grasses and potato seed collections are conserved and the second was the seedbank at DAFFs National Crop Variety Testing Centre, Backweston, Leixlip, Co. Kildare, where the main cereal seed collections for the State are held.

E77.12. That's how much it cost for the Irish government to make its deposit . This was the courier delivery cost to Oslo. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault administration covered the final leg of the journey's cost, and no delegation went.

According to the Minister of state Trevor Sargent TD, the GSV will help ensure �future crop diversity and promote global food security�. He also pointed to �the skill, dedication and hard work of the plant breeders in Ireland over our recent history�.

In marking the delivery to the GSV, the minister cited the past and the present. This included the Department's collection in Backweston, the Albert Agricultural College in Glasnevin, Dublin and the Crop Breeding programme in UCD �where most of the oats and wheat seed that make up the deposit were originally sourced�.

He also noted the contribution of Ireland's full national potato collection in the Tops Potato Centre in Raphoe, and seed sourced originally from the Malting Barley Breeding Programme in Ballinacurra, Co. Cork. The latter �like all the other cereal breeding programmes in Ireland has ceased operations but nevertheless some the most valuable crop germplasm from this and the other aforementioned breeding stations continues to be conserved and maintained in the Department's facilities in Backweston�.

He also highlighted the important work carried out by Teagasc, Oak Park and DAFF in maintaining these valuable reference seed collection, forage and potato breeding programmes
The Irish government have made an annual contribution of �1 million to the Trust from Irish Aid over the past 3 years.
Not everyone is completely enamored with 'the Vault'....
who?
and why?

Check the next posting.....

Saturday, June 20, 2009

A Quarter Million Experimental "Frankentrees" to Be Grown in U.S

The USDA is currently taking public comments on whether or not the company ArborGen should be allowed to conduct 29 field trials of genetically engineered "cold tolerant" eucalyptus trees in the U.S. This massive experiment, which is on the verge of being green-lighted, will literally be using nature as the laboratory to test more than 260,000 �frankentrees�.



Scientists across the U.S. are voicing concerns over this proposal including:



-The USDA failed to do an Environmental Impact Statement to assess potential negative issues related to the proposed field trials.



-Studies have shown tree pollen can travel up to 1,000 kilometers. The spread of the these plants into the wild through seeds and plant matter is highly likely, and the impacts on native ecosystems from this invader are unknown.



-One of the experimental GE tree varieties is a known host for cryptococcus gatti, a fatal fungal pathogen whose spores cause meningitis in people and animals.



Comments are being accepted by the USDA until July 6, 2009.

Learn more and take action by Clicking Here





Thursday, June 18, 2009

Organic Lamb: the issues according to John Brennan

Along with Beef, sheep makes up the biggest sector within Irish organic farming. This year, as in other years, most farmers opting to convert to organic before May 15th were either in sheep or beef.

While organic beef is relatively successful, organic lamb is far more challenging. In general, conventional lamb sales are down in Ireland, the UK and the rest of the EU, so both organic and conventional sheep farmers face challenges.

(pic: John Brennan - second from the end of the right, at BioFach with the heads of the five families...)

Some farmers who already have a low stocking rate seem happy to convert to organic and collect the improved supports, while still mostly selling into the conventional market.

John Brennan can claim expertise on three fronts. A farmer himself, he also heads the Leitrim Organic Farmers' Co-op, which has 150 members many of them with sheep. He is also completing an MA in Organic Agriculture, specialising in the organic lamb market for his research.

John suggests that �market conditions are difficult and producer sentiment poor�.

�The real issue is that organic lamb in Scotland is 4.51 Euros, whereas in Ireland it is 6 Euro per kilo. Add to this the fact that sterling is weaker and the production costs are lower over there.�

He goes on: �The Irish organic lamb market is about 11,000, whereas Scotland produces 100,000�. In both cases the primary market is the home market.

Inevitably, what holds for Scotland also holds for Northern Ireland with regard to sterling.

For his research, John Brennan surveyed 90 sheep farmers and interviewed a number of processors. He found that September is the biggest month for sales, with 33% of all sheep sold sold in this month. August clocks in at 11%, July 14%. So over half of all organic sheep sold are sold in this period.

�Seasonality is an issue for the rest of the year. This year we scraped through. If a processor said he wanted 40 extra lambs, it would have been difficult to establish.�

Regarding the market, Brennan points out that �there is a solid price for hoggets in the early part of the year, from January to May. Early lambs get a premium. However many of the September sales end up in the conventional market.�

Along with his survey research, Brennan understands the practical issues in securing sales. Marks and Spenser's (M&S) are the main outlet for Leitrim Co-op's organic lamb.

M&S have 27 stores in the south and 14 in Northern Ireland. �M&S want lambs from both north and south of border,� according to Brennan. This inevitably puts pressure on price.

A major issue for the organic lamb market in general is the retailer's cut. According to Brennan �I was talking to supermarket buyer who was taking a 50% mark up in lamb. I could not understand how the market could survive on this. When I asked him, he said that lamb was very profitable, but that he was selling very little because its too expensive. However, he seemed to prefer the good profit over increasing volume of sales�.

With consumers more price aware than ever, and more willing to bulk buy and fill the freezer, this sort of mark up is a barrier to increased sales.

Consumer education also needs to be improved, he suggests, as many consumers do not know how to cook lamb. Product differentiation for organic lamb too is a concern.

To try to secure foreign non-sterling markets, Brennan represented the Co-op as Slaney Meat's preferred supplier at the BioFach organic trade show in Germany this year.

One approach the Co-op are spearheading is direct sales. They have been instrumental in developing the mobile butcher units in the north west, and now have a simple but effective direct sales section on their website for consumers.

This section allows consumers to purchase half or whole spring lambs for the freezer. The meat is then brought to the selected farmers' market for collection. The market must be on at least five days after the order is made, to allow time for processing.

This provides the consumer with a genuine alternative to multiple retailers, provided they are willing and able to bulk buy.

Leitrim co-op: here

Wednesday, June 17, 2009

Vandana Shiva on the Future of Food & Seed


To me, seed is sacred. Vandana Shiva says, "Seed by its own nature creates abundance." She's one of my heroes. Watch this video and see why for yourself, and why she says "to save seed for the future is our highest ecological duty on earth".

She spoke in Portland at the Organicology Conference last February. Thanks to Tilth and the other wonderful organic companies and nonprofits who organized this gathering.

Web Video of the Week: A Silent Forest (full movie) - The Threat of Genetically Engineered Trees

Web Video of the Week: A Silent Forest (full movie) - The Threat of Genetically Engineered Trees

Like we didn't have enough to deal with already, we need to pay attention to this: Open nature is the testing ground and we are the guinea pigs. This is an award-winning documentary starring respected geneticist, David Suzuki. They're discussing the facts around "Frankentrees": Sterile trees (that means no pollen, no fruits, no seeds) that are also pesticides themselves (that means whatever feeds on the leaves etc. gets sick and dies), and are resistant to herbicides (or Roundup Ready as Monsanto calls it). Sound scary? It is. I was prompted to act in this way when I heard on NPR's show Marketplace, that Monsanto, as a sponsor, is now claiming to be a leader in Sustainable Agriculture! PLEASE! They fine farmers for saving their own seeds, and sue farmers for 'theft of intellectual property' if any of their 'patented' canola pollen (for example, Percy Schmeiser in Canada) is found on said organic farmers' land. They are now the largest seed monopoly in the world.
Vandana Shiva explains Monsanto's patented illogic and doublespeak in this video with eloquent detail.

Shared via AddThis

Biotech vs. Organic: Who Wins?

This post is taken from www.change.org
and Natasha Chart's blog in the Sustainable Food section, a 3-part series on "The World according to Monsanto"

"From the Center for Food Safety:

Washington D.C., February 11, 2009 - A new report released today by the Center for Food Safety and Friends of the Earth International warned that genetically modified (GM) crops are benefiting biotech food giants instead of the world's hungry population, which is projected to increase to 1.2 billion by the year 2025 due to the global food crisis.

The report explains how biotech firms like Monsanto are exploiting the dramatic rise in world grain prices that are responsible for the global food crisis by sharply increasing the prices of GM seeds and chemicals they sell to farmers, even as hundreds of millions go hungry.

The findings of the report support a comprehensive United Nations� assessment of world agriculture � the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) - which in 2008 concluded that GM crops have little potential to alleviate poverty and hunger in the world. IAASTD experts recommended instead low-cost, low-input agroecological farming methods.

... "GM seeds and the pesticides used with them are much too expensive for Africa�s small farmers. Those who promote this technology in developing countries are completely out of touch with reality," he added.

"U.S. farmers are facing dramatic increases in the price of GM seeds and the chemicals used with them," said Bill Freese, science policy analyst at the US-based Center for Food Safety and co-author of the report. "Farmers in any developing country that welcomes Monsanto and other biotech companies can expect the same fate - sharply rising seed and pesticide costs, and a radical decline in the availability of conventional seeds," he added.

GM seeds cost from two to over four times as much as conventional, non-GM seeds, and the price disparity is increasing. From 80% to over 90% of the soybean, corn and cotton seeds planted in the U.S. are GM varieties. Thanks to GM trait fee increases, average U.S. seed prices for these crops have risen by over 50% in just the past two to three years. ...

The world's poor can't afford this. They need low cost solutions that have a chance at profitability even when the fertilizer budget runs low."

Monday, June 15, 2009

New organic recruits: a lot done....

There has been a significant increase in the number of new applicants for conversion to organic, according to the two main certification bodies.

May 15th was the deadline for both the Organic Farming Scheme, and for REPS 4. The majority of organic farmers are in REPS, though it is no longer a technical requirement.

Some of the figures below are complicated by the fact that organic farmers often have mixed enterprises. It is also the case that these are preliminary and approximate, rather than final figures.

(photo: Am I boaring you?: by Steve Ford Elliott for attribution see here, for more of his work see here)

That said, both Organic Trust and the Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association (IOFGA ) are pleased with progress.

According to IOFGA, they received about 150 new applicants. This is up from last year's 100, and the previous year's figure, which was just under 80.

This represents an increase of about 15% on their current membership of approximately 1000, or an increase of 50% on the numbers converting last year.

�The majority of the new applicants are livestock farmers� according to Angela Clarke, certification manager of IOFGA. �Most of these are beef farmers, with some sheep farmers as well�.

She points out that more of these applicants are growing grain for feed than in previous years.

Geographically, most IOFGA applicants this year have come from the west and north west.

Horticulture numbers remain small, with about 10 new applicants. However, of this number, there was no large, field scale operator who applied to convert.

Similarly, there were few dairy farmers opting for the organic option, with �about five� choosing this route. Even this is significant, however, as there are less than 20 in the republic at present.

IOFGA did not report significant new processors, retailers, seafood companies or exporters.

On the other hand, the Organic Trust have new applicants from processing, including meat processing and food businesses more generally.

They also claimed to have �a number of new retailers� and an organic soil conditioner according to Helen Scully, National Co-ordinator and Certification Manager.

A new trend for the Trust is applicants incorporating pigs into their enterprises.

Otherwise, there are similarities. Very few applicants in horticulture, with most for the Trust being from mixed enterprises.

While last year's deadline saw tillage farmers apply, this year they report no major moves in this sector.

Like IOFGA, most applicants were in beef and sheep. Their geographical spread is wide, and more balanced that other years, according to Helen Scully. However, there are still, for the Organic Trust, laggard counties such as Louth and Donegal.

In total, Organic Trust report an increase of 11% in their membership. Organic Trust are thought to have close to 500 members on their books at present.

The new certification body, IMO, remain in the aquaculture sector only, and have not yet received applicants from other sectors.

Because they are a global certification organisation involved in certification across many areas, those involved in export and processing are likely to be their main target area in the future.

There are a number of positives in these figures. They suggest that organics has grown since 2005, despite the recent recession.

Collective initiatives in upland livestock, the north west and in diary which may also increase the numbers.

However, it is still a slow rate of growth when compared to the plan in the programme for government of 5% land area converted to organic by 2012. At the current 1%, this remains an ambitious target.

As this 5% figure is for land area not productive capacity, the conversion of an Grianin, with 2500 acres next year, will be significant in adding to the figures.

Some in the organic sector, particularly in horticulture, have criticised the fact that the figure is land area based. They complain that as it may be possible to reach 5% but not increase production of organic food in Ireland significantly. Organic horticulture as an example can produce large amounts of food on a very small area of land.

As the always apt Fianna fail albatross proclaimed: A lot done, more to do.

Wednesday, June 10, 2009

It's a recipe!

In Sunny California, seasonally grown corn is available from May through October, peaking in June and July. Since June is just getting underway, what better time to enjoy the delights of this golden nugget?



Yellow corn is low in saturated fat, and very low in cholesterol and sodium. It's also a great source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, thiamin, folate, magnesium and phosphorus!



Maize is the proper word for corn, taken from the indigenous peoples of the �new world� who introduced it to European explorers and settlers. The word corn goes back to Biblical days, and means any particle of grain or any small pellet of anything. In some lands, corn meant wheat; in others it meant barley or oats.



Only Americans adopted the word to describe maize. In many American dialects, the word for corn meant, "that which gives us life." Indeed, corn was the dietary staple for the native people�s of this land. Aztec and Mayan civilizations were built on a corn economy, as corn provided food, currency, fuel, fodder for animals, silk for smoking, sugar and even fermented beverages.



At the Co-op�s Deli, we have another use for corn . . . chowder! So tasty, so layered in flavor, our People�s Mexican Corn Chowder is the perfect accompaniment to toasted whole grain bread, served with fresh garden tomatoes, sliced in the round. From our table to yours, enjoy!



People�s Mexican Corn Chowder



Serves 10 � 12 (or freeze surplus and enjoy on another day!)



2 cups yellow potatoes, diced

2 tablespoons olive oil

1 1/2 cups yellow onion, diced

1 cup celery, sliced

1 cup red bell peppers, diced

1 teaspoon cumin powder

1 teaspoon paprika

1/2 teaspoon black pepper

1/2 teaspoon chili powder

1/2 teaspoon sea salt

1 1/2 teaspoons tamari

2 teaspoons ume plum vinegar

4 cups corn

4 cups water

1/4 bunch cilantro, chopped

Boil potatoes until just tender, then drain. Saut� the onions, celery, and peppers in olive oil until soft, then add the spices and saut� for 1 minute. Add the tamari, vinegar, potatoes, corn and water, and stir well. Take out 1 cup of the chowder and blend until smooth, then add it back to the chowder and simmer until hot. Add the cilantro and serve.





Tuesday, June 9, 2009

Incredible Edibles: Outdoor schooling

How things change.
A few short years ago, growing your own food was merely trendy. A few years before that, it was seen by many, farmers included, as a sign that you were not making enough money to buy your own food.

Now, the decking is being replaced by raised beds in back gardens across Ireland. Allotments have sprung up in an amazing array of towns and cities.

I've even started getting my hands dirty. I'm helping out a neighbour on her new allotment on the outskirts of Ennis. There, Jimmy Spellisy's farm hosts a plethora of 10 x 20 yard plots. Ennis is one of the many towns which, almost overnight, have started up allotments.

More are planned or already started in Clare alone: Shannon town has just launched 30, while Ennistymon has begun an initiative too. Cork and Kerry are particularly busy, from Bantry and Ladysbridge to Blarney and Ballintubber.

Different levels of on-site supports are available in the various allotments across Ireland. Some offer a plot with water, others offer tool storage, access to sheds, toilets, options to plant in orchards, space for bee hives, and varying sizes of plots.

All of them offer up learning, growing, getting to know other gardeners, getting a bit fitter and spending less of your hard earned cash on tired imports of far flung fruits and vegetables.

Along with allotments, formal and more informal courses are being offered for the backyard and allotment grower. Courses for many types and levels are being held, from beekeeping to berry wines in an impressive spread of geographical locations.

Most established locations such as the effervescent Organic Center in Leitrim and the Irish Seed Savers in Clare have been joined more recently by places such as the The Kerry Earth Education Project on Gortbrack farm in Shanakill in Kerry and Carrig Dulra in Wicklow.

However, it is not just in backyards or on allotments where people have begun growing. Perhaps most impressively, 2000 schools have again partaken in the Agri-Aware growing initiative. Last year it was Meet the Spuds, and this year it is Incredible Edibles.

Every primary school nationwide received an Incredible Edibles growing kit in February containing seeds, trays, compost and an instructional DVD. Participating schools must grow potatoes, scallions, lettuces, cabbages and strawberries and document their farming adventure in a classroom growing diary.
These diaries are then entered into a competition, where there are prizes of over �10,000 in educational funds for the ten schools shortlisted as finalists.

Agri-Aware Chair Mairead Lavery commented, "The huge uptake of this challenge among primary schools proves there's an appetite to educate children on where their food comes from. Pupils will have the opportunity to take home what they've learned about fresh produce in the classroom and impart their newfound knowledge among family and friends. This will help to communicate the valuable work of Irish farmers to hundreds of thousands of Irish consumers."

According to Minister for Food Trevor Sargent TD, there are a number of benefits to this initiative: "It's fantastic to think that at least two thirds of Ireland's primary schools are now growing crops of Irish fruit and vegetables. It's important to build on this learning and link in the nutritional benefits that a fresh five-a-day has on our health and wellbeing. The finances of the country would also benefit from more people eating Irish grown fruit and vegetables. Already obesity is costing the state over �4 billion a year."
Approximately 20 of Ireland's leading fruit and vegetable organisations and distributors are supporting the drive, from Begleys and Bord Bia to Teagasc and the Wexford Fruit Producers company.
An interactive website, wall charts, growing calendars, a DVD, nutritional advice and a booklet called �Lettuce Eat!' are all great resources to have provided, but in the end it is all about getting outside and getting clay on the hands.

I visited the Kilnamona National School west of Ennis in Clare to see how they were getting on with Incredible Edibles. As it happens, they are getting on incredibly well.

Pupils, teachers and parents alike have gone above and beyond the basics the initiative itself. What's more impressive again is the fact that they really have very little space to do it all in.
Along with the five crops, they grow a range of other fruits, leaves and vegetables. The pupils of third and fourth class, and their teacher Mary McMahon, showed me around their handiwork. As an example of the parent's helping out, many of the plants were was potted in catering containers provided by one of the parents who happened to be a chef.

The project started in February when the Incredible Edible basics - potatoes, cabbage, strawberries scallions and lettuce - were planted. Compost, soil and manure were brought into the school, which in itself allowed for one of the first of many learning experiences to unfold.
However, they went beyond this, with gooseberries, blackcurrant, redcurrant, parsley and mint also planted. According to the pupils: �the mint is very slow growing, but the parsley has thrived�. They also planted flowers (dahlia, begonia) weeping willow and pumpkin.
�The school is in a rural and farming community here in Kilnamona, which has been a great help� according to Mary McMahon.

She continues: �one of the parents, local farmer Michael O Keaffe, came into the school to help out and to give advice�. In the diary the pupils have made to chronicle the project, there are numerous pictures of Michael O Keaffe and plenty of text too:
�April 10th: Michael came into our school to thin out the lettuce and explain about the benefits of eating vegetables. He also gave us advice on separating the cabbage. He talked to us about sowing potatoes. He advised us not to use chemical sprays�.
The diary is in fact a treasure trove of learning by doing, of getting outside and getting a bit mucky with the real stuff of nature, farming and of life:
�We covered the cabbage on the 05/03/09. We put stones on the end of the pot, as it is good for drainage�...we planted the lettuce on the 04/03/09. First, we put a line in the soil with our index finger. Then, my brother and I put seeds in the soil. We saw our first signs of growth on 16/03/09. We watered it on 04/03/09. The type of lettuce we brought in is called Butterhead. It is growing really well�

Pupils have come up with ingenious little slants on the project. They have written acrostic poems: poems that go through the alphabet letter by letter, from adorable apples to sweet strawberries. They have also learned and written about the characteristics and benefits of vegetables: root, fruit, leafy, flower, bulb and bud.

The subject range the school can involve through this project is wide: history has come into it, with Sir Walter Raleigh and the famine featuring in recent months. Even art has been implicated, with bright pastel drawings and, very impressively, cute little potato people festooning the fringes of the gardening area. What will become biology and home economics when they enter the post-primary system have been integrated too.

The school also ran a healthy eating initiative, which they connected to their growing. The creative writing strand in the curriculum was even integrated through their records and poems. Plus,
�we made up a song called fruit glorious fruit� which was sung to the tune of food glorious food.
I spent a morning outside in the growing area and inside the classroom with the pupils of third and fourth class. We wandered around the small but brimming growing area, which was a testimony to their creativity.

I was amazed myself to watch their own amazement at something as straightforward as water pouring thought the unexpected holes in the bottom of a tin after watering the plants. They then figured out why there were holes and carried on, one more nugget of knowledge added to the memory bank.

Inside the classroom, I asked them about food, farming and growing. Many of the children have started growing various crops at home, including peppers, tomatoes and strawberries. Others have developed an interest in cooking, and are willing to try foods they would not have dreamed of a few years ago. Others again spoke of the fact that they now have something to talk about with their grandparents, who come from a generation where growing was the norm.
�We will be visiting the Irish Seed Savers in Scariff for an end of year trip� according to Mary McMahon. There, the pupils will be rightly rewarded for their work in a veritable gardeners' Garden of Eden.

The Seed Savers is another place where people can engage in a variety of growing courses, from kitchen gardens all the way up to sowing winter cereals for tillage farmers.

The Association has an eight hectare site in Co. Clare with a range of purpose built facilities. These include a seed bank with over 600 rare and endangered vegetable varieties, a native woodland, an apple orchard and nursery.

One of the most striking aspects of this Incredible Edibles initiative is the fact that it makes learning fun: it achieves this by being based in the outdoors while also being brilliantly practical.
There may be a place for filling numbers into boxes in books indoors, while the sun splits the stones outside, but surely this sort of initiative is exactly what primary school learning should be all about: getting outside, getting real and getting a bit of clay under the fingernails.

For more on Incredible Edibles, see: here
For more on allotments go to: here

Sunday, June 7, 2009

The Marley Coffee Company Open for Business





The Marley Coffee Company is now officially open for business. Started by Rohan Marley, one of Bob Marley's sons, it is the first sustainable, ethically-farmed, organic and ital Blue Mountain Coffee Company in the world. Watch this great video for the inspiring story: "One Cup of Coffee": The Marley Farm Story.
If you drink coffee, or you need a nice gift for someone who does, please consider supporting this company and buy some coffee. It's even very reasonably priced, $15.00 for 12 ounces. Compare that with the non-organic and foreign owned Blue Mountain coffee and it's a great price. Choose from these blends: Lively Up!, Mystic Morning, Jammin Java, Simmer Down, and One Love. Each sale supports the community at the Marley Farm, and their educational projects with children at the Soccer Academy (created by the Marley Coffee Foundation), and Chepstowe Basic School in the area.

Friday, June 5, 2009

The new Northern situation: the challenge intensive organic food from Northern Ireland poses

On top of general recession-related worries, Irish organic farmers have another thing to contend with: technically organic but nonetheless intensive produce from Northern Ireland.

Northern Irish economies of scale and the sterling differential are continuing to put pressure on southern Irish organic producers.

In light of these effects, what were reported last week as strong signals for producer price reductions are reported to be continuing, whatever about the brave public face farmers and operators put on.

Organic farmers and operators fear and risk de-listing for putting their heads above the parapet and complaining. There are few processing and retailer options in Ireland.

Today I encountered an organic chicken in Tescos for E5.71. It weighted 1.118 kilos, and was E5.11 a kilo � down from E6.81 per kilo.

This chicken, from John Connolly in county Tyrone, was from Northern Ireland. Sourcing from the north seems to be an increasing trend for retailers.

The chicken was labelled UK2 - the Organic Farmers and Growers (OFG) certification code. There are nine UK certifiers, which includes the two Irish certifiers. This is mainly because Irish and UK certifiers can operate in Northern Ireland.

The Soil Association are the UK biggest organic certification body. They have been very critical of the OFG poultry standards.

While the Soil Association have a 500 recommended and 1000 birds maximum, OGF and others allow for 4800, with the option of going up to 9000 birds.

Southern Irish poultry farms tend to have up to 500 birds.

The natural flocking size of chickens is considered to be about 100. It is possible on smaller enterprises to allow for this, though some organic farmers stick rigidly to housing arrangements which encourage this.

Inevitably, this sort of flock size becomes more difficult when the numbers run into the thousands.

However the economy of scale of thousands of birds bring the price down for the consumer: hence half the price per kilo for Northern Irish as southern Irish organic chicken in supermarkets.

Competition from Northern Ireland is also effecting organic milk producers. Organic dairy farms in Northern Ireland are larger and more intensive. They rely more on concentrates than grass for feed. This increases the negative environmental effect, as feed production and transportation adds to global warming and the use of pesticides and herbicides more than grass growing does.

Organic dairy farms also have 2-3 times as many cows in Northern Ireland as their southern counterparts.

Up to half of the milk in Glenisk's pool comes from Northern Ireland. All of the organic milk in the discounter LIDI comes from Northern Ireland. This retails at E1.19 a litre, as does Tescos own brand organic milk. Glenisk' on the other hand, is usually about E1.65.

Inevitably, competition from the more industrialised Northern Irish farmers effects the price southern farmers can get.

There are also nutritional effects: organic milk regularly scores better than conventional when it comes to nutritional data, in particular the Omega 3 and 6 ratio. This has been found in studies across Europe.

Upon closer inspection of some of the more recent data, however, it appears that grass is at least as important as organic: milk from predominantly grass fed animals is nutritionally superior to milk from diary cows fed significant amounts of concentrates.

See for example the research of Professor Carlo Leifert from the Quality low Input Farming project in Newcastle University.

In southern Ireland, organic dairy cows are both predominantly grass fed and organic � a win win nutritionally.

However, for poultry and diary and the broader organic sector in general, scientific research specific to the Irish situation, followed by the marketing of the results, needs to be undertaken as a matter of urgency.

Otherwise people will see the word organic and think one product is the same as the next.

Consumers sometimes use the world organic as an anxiety appeaser: they see it and stop thinking, or worrying, about the broader ethics.

However, as even these two simple examples suggest, organic in one place is not necessarily the same as in another, even on an island as small as Ireland.

Tuesday, June 2, 2009

10 reasons why we don�t need genetically engineered foods

With the cost of food on the rise � hitting not just shoppers but the poor and hungry in the developing world � genetically engineered (GE) foods are once again being promoted as the way to feed the world. But this is little short of a confidence trick. Far from needing more GE foods, there are urgent reasons why we need to ban them altogether.

1. GE foods won�t solve the food crisis

A 2008 World Bank report concluded that increased biofuel production is the major cause of the increase in food prices. GE giant Monsanto has been at the heart of the lobbying for biofuels � while profiting enormously from the resulting food crisis and using it as a PR opportunity to promote GE foods!

�The climate crisis was used to boost biofuels, helping to create the food crisis; and now the food crisis is being used to revive the fortunes of the GE industry.�

Daniel Howden, Africa correspondent of The Independent

�The cynic in me thinks that they�re just using the current food crisis and the fuel crisis as a springboard to push GE crops back on to the public agenda. I understand why they�re doing it, but the danger is that if they�re making these claims about GE crops solving the problem of drought or feeding the world, that�s bull****.�

� Prof Denis Murphy, head of biotechnology at the University of Glamorgan in Wales

2. GE crops do not increase yield potential

Despite the promises, GE has not increased the yield potential of any commercialized crops. In fact, studies show the most widely grown GE crop, GE soya, has suffered reduced yields.

�Let's be clear. As of this year [2008], there are no commercialized GE crops that inherently increase yield. Similarly, there are no GE crops on the market that were engineered to resist drought, reduce fertilizer pollution or save soil. Not one.�

� Dr Doug Gurian-Sherman, former biotech specialist for the US Environmental Protection Agency and former advisor on GE to the US Food and Drug Administration

3. GE crops increase pesticide use

Official data shows that in the U.S., GE crops have produced an overall average increase, not decrease, in pesticide use compared to conventional crops.

�The promise was that you could use less chemicals and produce a greater yield. But let me tell you none of this is true.� � Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition

4. There are better ways to feed the world

A major recent UN/World Bank-sponsored report compiled by 400 scientists, and endorsed by 58 countries, concluded that GE crops have little to offer global agriculture and the challenges of poverty, hunger and climate change, because better alternatives are available.

5. Other farm technologies are more successful

Integrated pest management (IPM) and other innovative low-input or organic methods of controlling pests and boosting yields have proven highly effective, particularly in the developing world. Other plant breeding technologies, such as Marker assisted selection (non-GE genetic mapping), are widely expected to boost global agricultural productivity more effectively and safely than GE.

�The quiet revolution is happening in gene mapping, helping us understand crops better. That is up and running and could have a far greater impact on agriculture [than GE].�

� Prof John Snape, head of the department of crop genetics, John Innes Centre

6. GE foods have not been shown to be safe to eat

Genetic engineering is a crude and imprecise way of incorporating foreign genetic material (e.g. from viruses, bacteria) into crops, with unpredictable consequences. The resulting GE foods have undergone little rigorous and no long term safety testing, but animal feeding tests have shown worrying health effects. Only one study has been published on the direct effects on humans of eating a GE food. It found unexpected effects on gut bacteria, but was never followed up.

�We are confronted with the most powerful technology the world has ever known, and it is being rapidly deployed with almost no thought whatsoever to its consequences.� � Dr Suzanne Wuerthele, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) toxicologist

7. Stealth GE�s in animal feed � without consumers� consent

Products from animals raised on millions of tons of GE feed do not have to be labeled. (Add that to the fact that in North America, no GE foods require GE labeling.) Studies have shown that if GE crops are fed to animals, GE material can appear in the resulting products. As GE foods have been shown to affect animals� health, eating such �stealth GEs� may affect the health of consumers.

8. No one is monitoring the impact of GE foods on health

It is claimed that North Americans have eaten GE foods for years with no ill effects. But these foods are unlabeled in the U.S. and no one has monitored the consequences. With other novel foods like trans fats, it has taken decades to realize that they caused millions of premature deaths. Additionally, scientists say that GE may produce new toxins, with potentially devastating results for humans. In at least one case this has already happened. In 1989, a genetically engineered form of tryptophan, a dietary supplement, produced toxic contaminants. Before it was recalled by the Food and Drug Administration, the mutated tryptophan wreaked havoc. Thirty-seven North Americans died, 1,500 were permanently disabled, and 5,000 became ill with a blood disorder, eosinophila myalgia syndrome.

9. GE and non-GE cannot co-exist

GE contamination of conventional and organic food is increasing. An unapproved GE rice that was grown for only one year in field trials was found to have extensively contaminated the U.S. rice supply and seed stocks. In Spain, a study found that GE maize �has caused a drastic reduction in organic cultivations of this grain and is making their coexistence practically impossible�.

�If some people are allowed to choose to grow, sell and consume GE foods, soon nobody will be able to choose food, or a biosphere, free of GE. It�s a one way choice, like the introduction of rabbits or cane toads to Australia; once it�s made, it can�t be reversed.�

� Roger Levett, specialist in sustainable development

10. We can�t trust GE companies

The big biotech firms pushing their GE foods have a terrible history of toxic contamination and public deception. GE is attractive to them because it gives them patents that allow monopoly control over the world�s food supply. They have taken to harassing and intimidating farmers for the �crime� of saving patented seed or �stealing� patented genes � even if those genes got into the farmer�s fields through accidental contamination by wind or insects.

�Farmers are being sued for having GE organisms on their property that they did not buy, do not want, will not use and cannot sell.� � Tom Wiley, North Dakota farmer

Scientific references and sources for the information presented here can be found at www.banGMfood.org